According to National Institute of Health Free Essays

As per National Institute of Health (NIH) (2006), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is brought about by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by slowly crushing CD4+ T cells (likewise called â€Å"T-assistant cells†), which assume a huge job in the resistant reaction framework. In a solid subject the CD4+ T cells go between 800 to 1,200 cells/mm3 yet when this tally falls beneath 200 cells/mm3, the individual is generally helpless against â€Å"opportunistic infections† and tumors normal of AIDS. From the above it is clear that body has its own component to forestall diseases I. We will compose a custom exposition test on As indicated by National Institute of Health or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now e., invulnerable reaction framework containing CD4+ T cells which are really assaulted by HIV deliberately devastating the CD4+ T cells. These phones are dynamic in retaliating diseases assaulting the body, accordingly once their check falls anomalous the body is defenseless against the purported â€Å"opportunistic infections† which are run of the mill of AIDS. Award and Cock (2001) expressed that general side effects in the beginning times incorporate loss of weight, fever, perspiring during evenings, looseness of the bowels and successive skin issue particularly of varicella zoster, parasitic diseases and pruriginous dermatitis prompting bothersome rashes coming about into ulcerations and recuperating with pigmented macules. Anyway the extended meaning of AIDS expresses that notwithstanding the previously mentioned side effects an individual is expressed to be experiencing AIDS if the test for HIV immune response gives a positive outcome subject to at least one of the accompanying conditions: à ¼Ã¢ Weight loss of over 10% à ¼Ã¢ Cryptococcal meningitis à ¼Ã¢ Pulmonary or extra aspiratory tuberculosis à ¼Ã¢ Kaposi’s Sarcoma à ¼Ã¢ Neurological impedance adequate to forestall free day by day exercises. à ¼Ã¢ Candidiasis of the throat and oral district joined by dysphagia à ¼Ã¢ Recurrent scenes of pneumonia with or without aetiological affirmation à ¼Ã¢ Invasive cervical disease Candidiasis of the throat and oral district is caused to disease by parasite in immunocompromised patients, for example, those experiencing AIDS and continuously no drug might be successful in future course of time at last prompting loss of craving and weight. Cryptococcal meningitis is contamination of the cerebrum and is because of spread of organism from lungs to the mind through blood course. Individuals who have absconds in their phone interceded invulnerability such those experiencing AIDS, are vulnerable to dispersed cryptococcosis. Cryptococcal meningitis is lethal. The growth contaminates the sensory system causing irritation of the layers covering the cerebrum and spinal line. The more regular likely explanations of HIV related illnesses incorporate cerebral toxoplasmosis and cryptococcal meningitis, â€Å"cerebral toxoplasmosis frequently presents as a space possessing injury of the cerebrum, and cryptococcosis as interminable meningitis† in this way mind gets affected specifically and sensory system by and large. One of the significant â€Å"opportunistic infections† incorporates tuberculosis and might be identified at any phase throughout immunodeficiency. Pneumonic tuberculosis is like non-HIV contaminated subjects in the underlying phases of HIV disease, however the propelled phases of immunodeficiency show â€Å"disseminated and multibacillary nature of tuberculosis† in this manner making broad harm lungs when all is said in done and aspiratory framework specifically. Pneumonia is an intense or incessant irritation of lungs caused because of disease brought about by a microbes, infection or growth. Patients experiencing AIDS effectively get influenced by crafty contaminations causing pneumocystis pneumonia or cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Individuals experiencing AIDS are tainted by different sorts of pneumonia influencing the lungs and respiratory framework, hence respiratory framework gets truly influenced alongside the insusceptible framework. Kaposi’s Sarcoma is malignancy of skin, mucous layers and veins. Kaposi’s Sarcoma is described by seeping at various locales on patient’s skin with the development of round or curved injuries about quarter inch to one inch in size. Step by step instructions to refer to According to National Institute of Health, Papers

Racism is attempt which has resulted free essay sample

Prejudice is endeavor which has come about to be an extraordinary issue in US. The skin shade of one individual changes how he/she is perceived by the whole society. It doesnt matter how much cash an individual has or how rich he is, if an individual is dark in America, it is extreme for him in US. Prejudice has incredible effect on the training arrangement of whole US. It intensy affects understudies of US. Bigotry happens in direct structures, for example, prodding, barring the association of dark understudies in an exercises and harassing .For example, the dark understudies are prodded and mishandled verbally by the white understudies It additionally happens in backhanded structures through unfair perspectives. The understudies who are the casualties of bigotry become frightened of going to class in light of damaging practices of their supremacist schoolmates. This makes an extraordinary issue to their scholarly exhibition with regards to assignments and assessments as they feel exceptionally dreadful, grieved and tragic. We will compose a custom exposition test on Prejudice is endeavor which has come about or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page They face inconvenience in making new companions. They decline their own way of life, customs, personality and native language because of dread of being segregated by the bundle of racists. Bigotry in US makes negative effects the understudies from the earliest starting point since preschool to the more elevated level of training. As indicated by an article titled Racial abberations persevere in US schools, study finds from CNN, preschool-age dark youth are suspended at 3.6 occasions the pace of white youth, and in kindergarten through twelfth grade, dark understudies were 3.8 occasions bound to be suspended than their white friend (Budhia, 2017).This unmistakably shows the unfair perspectives towards dark understudies. ECONOMYSimilarly, bigotry impactsly affects the economy of US also. Bigotry acquires the refusal of principal rights, for example, openings for work, picking up training and access to money related assistance for gathering of individuals like African Americans which further irritates the monetary development. Such condition influences those dark individuals as well as the whole nation or economy. Prejudice has been an impressive boundary for the financial advancement just as improvement of African Americans and other such kind of gatherings in the U.S. Such kind of racial segregations make those gatherings of individuals less fortunate and get rewarded severely with preference mentality. In rush of new research recommends that monetary awkwardness between dark American and white Americans is far noteworthy than individuals from either segment acknowledge †and will just become higher, not accessible a purposeful arrangement answer. As per earlier week, statistics information reveal that normal house hold pay in the US of America. Dark families were all the while acquiring short of what they did in the mid 2000s, during last Obamas administration.

ECONOMICS 1. The Managerial theories of the firm seek to provide Essay

Financial aspects 1. The Managerial hypotheses of the firm try to give models portrayed by authenticity in inspiration, while perceiving the proceeded with significance of benefit in the professional workplace - Essay Example As annual duties have ascended over the previous recorded period, the by and large effect of pay or extra increments has been directed fairly. The gradual assessment on salary in the UK and the US is at about half, when all nearby and national personal expenses are considered. Hence the standard gracefully and request relationship exhibits a bend, as demonstrated as follows. Since charges move with pay, the bend's adjustment in slant is progressively articulated: When contrasted with the turn of the only remaining century, when personal assessments were under 10%, the all out effect of increments in compensation has in this manner directed. The second effect on this control has been the expansion on the estimation of relaxation time (Kokoski 1987). As the estimation of recreation hours has expanded, the sum which should be paid to balance the estimation of relaxation time has additionally expanded, all else being equivalent. Gathering motivations can appear as pay builds (pay and reward) or non-money related prizes, for example, extra excursion days. From a microeconomics point of view, there is no contrast between bunch pay impetuses and singular compensation motivating forces. There are mental contrasts which can be considerable, in any case, contingent upon the kind of execution being compensated. An outrageous case of the point above is a person whose individual awards far surpass those of the gathering, and in accomplishing his objectives may really be a hindrance to the investors. A case of this may be Robert Eaton, who was the Chairman of the Chrysler Corporation at the time that his organization was drawn nearer by Daimler-Benz. Eaton consented to an arrangement whereby Daimler-Benz would converge with Chrysler, and he sold the Board of Directors and representatives' associations on the arrangement. What he didn't uncover was that he remained to increase over $100 million by and by if the arrangement experienced. The subsequent shout was that Eaton sold out Chrysler, which was borne out by resulting occasions. Chrysler's biggest investor at that point, the Tracinda Corporation1, sued Daimler-Chrysler for over $8 billion for deleting about $38 billion of market capitalization because of the exchange (CNN 2000). Figure 2: Reduction in share cost since merger (CNN 2000) Consequently an individual impetus (for Eaton) was contrary to the interests of the investors. Investment opportunities Investment opportunities have the benefit of better arrangement with investor desires. The hypothesis is that administrators are

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie

Imagery in The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams is a short play that utilizes a huge assortment of symbolization all through to depict the passionate, physical and social condition of every one of its characters. Laura is an exceptionally delicate young lady that lives in a lower class, ratty condo with her more established sibling Tom, and her whimsical mother Amanda. Laura feels just as she is a pariah rather than the remainder of the world. Among the numerous intermittent subjects of this play the delicacy is appeared in a little unicorn that securely exists inside a glass zoological display. There are different less noticeable images, for example, the shades of a rainbow, blue roses, and the exit, and access to the loft. Lauras glass zoo is a significant image. Laura wouldn't like to be associated with the world outside this â€Å"dark, grim† loft that she lives in with her mom, a â€Å"proud, vivacious lady, Amanda,† and her sibling â€Å"Tom, a trying artist, and shoe warehouseman.† (ebscohost.com). She lean towards the solace of her â€Å"transparent glass animals† (478). Laura would prefer to invest energy with her small glass ponies and unicorn puppet, tuning in to her old records. She would like to do this throughout the day as opposed to having any contact with others. One of the most clear emblematic employments of the glass dolls occurs at a point in the story when Laura and Jim are left without anyone else. Laura offers the expression â€Å"You ought to consistently take great consideration of your glass.† (510) Again, we see the imagery of the glass unicorn and the delicacy of Laura. Laura is modest and blameless, especially like the glass puppets she cleans for the duration of the day. All however it is delicate, much like Laura herself, the glass sparkles and flickers, amplifying numerous shades of the rainbow in the light. The glass unicorn is clearly the most representative of Laura! Figuring out the real story as Jim and Laura are talking, it is anything but difficult to see that the unicorn speaks to Lauras strangely unique, sensitive, and uncomfortablenss in the typical world. Jim offers the expression. â€Å"Poor little individual, he should feel kind of lonesome†. Clearly Laura has felt bereft a large portion of her life, and Laura answers â€Å"the unicorn sits on a rack with some typical ponies that don't have any horns, and they all appear to get along pleasantly together.† (p512) During Jim and Lauras short sentimental experience, for a second, Laura is feeling more certainty. Maybe she is starting to feel a little ordinary like her ponies. When Jim accidently thumps the glass unicorn to the floor, and severs the horn. â€Å"The unicorn has lost its horn. It doesnt truly matter. It might be a gift in disguise.† Laura states, and â€Å"I will simply envision that it has had an operation.† And â€Å"with the horn expelled he may feel less amazing! Presently he may feel increasingly like he is one of the ponies, the ones with no horns†. (p513) For a second Laura is glad and inspired. She starts to grin and feel the strain of uniqueness lifting from her. Jim sees this and starts moving around with her, and in the long run kisses her. The entirety of this gives us the slight impression that Laura may at long last be getting away from the illusive world in which she has lived for the greater part of her life. Laura is for a second, beginning to feel progressively acknowledged, particularly from Jim. For a second she is feeling less cognizant about her physical handicaps. She begins to open up only a smidgen. Its not long after the entirety of this that Jim advises Laura of his commitment to another lady. Laura is broken. She is broken inside, and no longer feels a similar uniqueness that she once felt with the glass unicorn. She takes a gander at Jim, and advises him to take the unicorn. Maybe she has relinquished something inside. Past dream like recollections of an affection that she once had for Jim, have now been lost in the truth of Jims words. Laura has spent numerous years cleaning, and dealing with her glass zoo, and guarding her unicorn from the outside world. Be that as it may, presently it has been uncovered, and thusly it has been broken, similarly as Laura has been broken. The fantasy of perhaps, sometime having love from a man, and being typical has now been supplanted with a wrecked heart, and a pulled back trouble. As the thoughtful and modest Laura is lost considerably further in to herself. We start to see a brief look at the imageries in the utilization of the rainbow and its hues. Be that as it may, it is more subtle than that of the glass unicorn. The rainbow implies that there might be some expectation later on. Tom gives Laura a brief look at trust, â€Å"Laura is overpowered with feelings when Tom pulls out the rainbow-shaded scarf and recounts to the tale of how an entertainer changed a bowl of little fish into canaries. Towards the finish of the play, Tom thinks about Laura as he looks at some messed up hued glass, and envisions his broke sister Laura and her wrecked spirit†.(ebscohost.com). Tom wishes in the representative sense that he could victory the candles of his sisters despair. He additionally thinks about how Laura would go through hours cleaning her glass creatures, protecting them from the remainder of the world. There is dismal incongruity in Tennessee Williams play when you consider the imagery of the rainbow. In spite of the fact that rainbows appear to be certain, splendid, and confident signs that another day is coming soon, there is normally much torment that must be suffered before that time, in the event that it ever comes. There is a serious exhibit of imagery that assists with shaping the character of Laura. Tennessee Williams utilizes the shade of blue in Jims moniker for Laura. Like the rose, Laura is delicate, and like the shading blue, she is timid, honest, and extremely tragic. Works Cited Fambrough, Preston. Williams The Glass Menagerie. Explicator 63.2 (Winter 2005): 100-102. Scholastic Search Complete. EBSCO. Northwestern State U, Watson Lib, Leesville, LA. 17 Mar. 2008 < http://search.ebscohost.com>. Reese, Jennifer. The Glass Menagerie. Amusement Weekly (28 Apr. 2006): 143-143. Scholastic Search Complete. EBSCO. Northwestern State U, Watson Lib., Leesville, LA. 17 Mar. 2008 <http://search.ebscohost.com>. Williams, Tennessee. â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† Literature for Composition: Writing Arguments about Essays, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama ed. by Sylvia Barnet, William Burto and William E. Cain†¦8th Ed New York. 2007: 499-519.

Campaign Presentation Essay - 550 Words

Campaign Presentation (Essay Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameInstructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameClass nameDate of submissionCampaign PresentationFor a long time, money has played a major role in American politics. Efforts to regulate campaign financing in the United States date back to 1867 when the first campaign financing regulation was passed. Over the recent past, big money has become the key determinant in winning elections. This paper will look at the current status of campaign financing reform in the country as well as the realistic expectations of the political process in the country. Additionally, the paper will also address the role of soft money in American politics.Political campaigns in the United States are governed by the Federal Election Campaign Act and it is enforced by the Federal Election Commission which was formed in 1974 (Raja 83). Public financing is available for qualified candidates vying for the presidency during the primaries and the general election. Admissibility requirements must b e met for a candidate to qualify for funding by the federal government. Moreover, those that seek federal funding must be ready to be subjected to spending limits. The system is designed in such a way that Republican and Democratic candidates regularly qualify for the funding , while excluding candidates from other small political parties (Raja 23). More than half the states permit some level of political campaign funding by corporates and unions. It is worth noting that there are certain states that have limits on contributions from individuals that are lower than the national limits. Moreover, Missouri, Utah, Virginia, Illinois, Oregon and Mexico and have no limits.Soft money is a term that is used to refer to contributions made to political parties that are not subject to spending and contribution limits set by the Federal Election Campaign Act. The main reason why soft money is not subjected to FECA provisions is because it is not used to specifically advocate for the election o r defeat of particular candidates. During a short period in the 1976 presidential elections, when soft money was outlawed, the results were not good. The congress noted a significant drop off in grass roots campaigns, as presidential candidates used their limited à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"hard moneyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ financial resources to finance television adverts. State, local and national candidates could not afford traditional slate cards, bumper stickers, yard signs and other grass root campaign activities (Raja 93). This kind of grassroots campaigning is important because it helps link citizens to political parties and the American system of governance. Consequently, Congress acted in 1979 to clarify FECA by explicitly sanctioning soft money contributions and spending, despite the fact that such contributions and spending may affect federal elections. Other than helping in grassroots campaign activities, soft money also helps to fund phone banks, voter registration drives and get-out-the-vote efforts carried out by political parties. Banning the source of money for such undertakings may reduce the number of voters who turnout to vote on the Election Day (Raja 54). The congress should handle the issues of soft money contributions with a lot of soberness because sof...

Financial performance of ABC Ltd - Free Essay Example

Introduction Accounting is concerned with collecting, analyzing, and communicate accounting information. The accounting information is helpful to those people who make plans about business and in making important decisions related to the business The aim of this paper is to evaluate the financial position of the company and the importance of credit manager to achieve credit sales targeted and importance of actual figures when estimating the budget. This paper consists of two main sections. In the first part, evaluation of the financial position of ABC Ltd uses gross profit margin and net profit margin. The second part concentrates on things need to consider when preparing the budget in order to prevent from biased budget. Part A A) Account Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Sales 296700 296700 370875 445050 Cost of sales 176900 198128 229970 283040 Gross profit 119800 98572 140905 162010 Selling and distribution expenses 35600 40940 47348 57672 Administration and general expenses 45900 49113 52785 56457 Financial expenses 15800 15484 15168 14536 Net profit 22500 (6965) 25604 33345 Evaluate the financial performance of ABC Ltd. Over the four year period. Financial ratio examines the financial health of the business. It helps to identify the financial strengths and weakness of the business. By calculating the ratio, it is possible to provide a good picture of the financial position and performance of a business. Financial ration can be represented in numerous ways. For example, as percentage, as fraction and as proportion. Financial ratio can be classified into profitability, efficiency, liquidity, gearing and investment. ABC Ltd companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial performance is evaluated by using profitability ration of gross profit margin and net profit margin. Gross profit is the difference between the sales and cost of sales. And the ratio is a measure of profitability in buying ad selling goods and service before any other expenses are taken into account. For example: Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit x100 Sales = 119800/296700 x 100 = 40% Gross profit for the year one is 40%. The most appropriate measure of operational performance for comparison purposes is the Net profit margin ratio. The factors which influence the net profit margin of a business are the degree of competition, type of customer, economic climate and industry characteristics. For example: Net Profit Margin = Net profit before interest and taxation x 100 Sales = 22500/296700 x 100 = 8% Net Profit Margin for the Year one is 8% Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Gross Profit Margin (%) 40 33 38 36 Net Profit Margin (%) 8 (2) 7 7 Gross profit margin of ABC Ltd company has fallen down from 40% to 33%. And again increased to 38% and fall down to 36%. The decrease of the gross profit margin of ABC Ltd was a result of high production cost of the company. The raw material used to produce goods and services has increased. As a result the company is experiencing less gross profit margins. Nonetheless, the Net profit margin of ABC Ltd has been maintained for the last two years, Year 3 and Year 4. Whereas in Year 1 company had a high net profit margin and it gradually decreased and company experience loss of (2) % of Net profit margin. This may be because the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Gross profit margin decreased from 40 to 33 and affected the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s net profit margin. Moreover, it may be the reason that, the company has high expense such as high selling and distribution expense, Administration and other general expenses. After experiencing a loss in Year 2, company gain 7% of net profit margin in Year 3 and year 4 also. This shows company has minimized their expenses and cost of sales and increase their revenue by generating more sales. Below show graphical demonstration of ABC Ltd financial performance. Account Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Trend Sales 296700 296700 370875 445050 Increased by 148350 Cost of sales 176900 198128 229970 283040 Increased by 106140 Gross profit 119800 98572 140905 162010 Increased by 42210 Selling and distribution expenses 35600 40940 47348 57672 Increased by 22072 Administration and general expenses 45900 49113 52785 56457 Increased by 10557 Financial expenses 15800 15484 15168 14536 Decreased by 1264 Net profit 22500 (6965) 25604 33345 Increased by 10845 According to the above table, all the accounts except the financial expense of ABC Ltd, all others have increased. Total sales increased. Meaning that number of goods and services sold by ABC Ltd have increased and generated a huge amount of revenue. However, the cost of sales also has increased. But compared to sales achieved, cost of sales is less than the sales generated. Meaning that the money generated by sales by the company was spent to make the sales, such as raw material, Equipements, machineries cost. Therefore the company gross profit has increased. The expenses spent to generate the revenue are selling and distribution expenses, administration and other general expenses and financial expenses. All expenses have increased except financial expenses. This may be due to each years increase in sales of the company. As demand for the goods and service increases, more number of good and services are produced. And to deliver the products to customers, costs incurred will be high such as delivery cost, transportation cost and other administrative cost related to the delivery of goods and services. Financing expenses have decreased such as rent paid, electricity, fixtures and fitting etc. As a result Net profit of ABC Ltd increased by $10,845. Part B A) Why credit manager is to blame for poor credit collection There are certain causes why credit manager is to blame for the deterioration in the credit collection period which are beyond the credit manager. Downturn in the economy When the budget was formulated, during that time economy may have been in a very good condition like in a boom. Businesses earn profits and their ability to pay the suppliers would be strong. And based on credit worthiness, ABC company Ltd has released goods on credit facility during that time. After two months of time, the economy turned into recession. During recession, companies reluctant to spend money and have difficulties in paying to debtors, lenders and suppliers. Henceforth customers, who have bought goods from ABC Ltd under the credit facility, would not able to pay as agreed terms and conditions. Liberalize credit policy The next reason which credit manager cannot be blamed, is a formulation of credit policy terms and conditions and implementation of the policy. When developing a credit policy there are certain conditions which should take into account. For example, buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strength in the market, available net profit margin, size and type of buyers, buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s creditworthiness and many more. Any credit policy should include the range of payment, terms, prepayment terms, installments, penalty interest, conditions of sales, methods of assessing customer, explaining credit rating and risk codes, legal actions, follow up methods, staff responsibility and authority, relationship with another and arbitration process. If these clauses are incorporated into the policy, and customers are aware before getting into any sales and customer agreed by signing the terms, then the customer will be binding to it. As a result the credit manager would able to claim for the payment accordingly to the agreement, if a customer is disobeying the agreed terms and conditions. Therefore, it is a responsibility of policy makers of the company and senior management to come up with a strong policy and implementing it. And this could be done in coordination with a credit manager. Another reason could be that, even if the company has a strong policy, without acting upon it, we cannot achieve what we want. For example, if the sales persons or sales manager, or senior management, issue goods without checking the credit worthiness of customer with their friends or close customers and they make own payment paying term their way without consent of credit manager. Increased competition among suppliers The business environment is very volatile. Competition among business increases steadily. Being proactive would be the best solution for the success of the company. During the tough competition, it is essential to revise the credit policy terms as accordingly to customer needs and affordability. Otherwise competitors would be offering more attractive conditions and they are likely to get all customers resulting gain the market share in the business sector. And ABC Ltd would not able to get enough customers to achieve the credit targets allocated in the budget. Quality of goods and services If the quality of the products offered by ABC Ltd is very low, then the customer will refuse to buy the products. Even if they buy the product if the quality is below their expected level, then the payment will be held for some time. And ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a responsibility of the production department to produce the goods with good quality according to customer needs. The goods Delaying in delivering If the company is unable to deliver the goods at the agreed time, then the customer would not able to depend on the company. In other words, failure to deliver the promises will lead to loss of customer and low dependability. Therefore, it is important for production department to provide raw materials and other necessary material to produce goods and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s their responsibility to deliver the goods to customers on time. If the company fails to provide this, then the customers would prefer other competitors and faces low market share and generate low profit. Relationship with sales and credit department The relationship between sales staffs (or sales manager) and credit manager is very important. The credit manager responsibility is that to provide further guidance to achieve sales to the sales staffs. Why manager might submit a budget estimate that is biased. And ways to Company guard against it. According to the CIMA definition of budget, it is a plan quantified in monetary terms, prepared and approved prior to a defined period of time, usually showing planned income to be generated and/or expenditure to be incurred during that period and the capital to be employed to attain a given objective. There are types of budget, managers use when preparing the budget. One of the methods is incremental budget. The budget is prepared using the previous year budget as a basis with incremental amount is added to the new budget. Resources are allocated based on previous years resource allocations. The main advantage of this type of budget is that it is easy to understand and implement and also save time. This could be one of the reasons why budget estimates are based. The main reason is that incremental budget does not take environment changing factor into considerations. Due to changing is economy, budget need to be revised basically periodically and necessary amendments need to be done. Another problem is that, incremental budget does not have incentives to innovative ideas and to reduce cost. Another type of budget could be fixed budget. In fixed budgets, figures are fixed at the beginning of budgetary period. Any change in circumstance, these cannot be changed. For example, due to high inflation, raw material costs (others as well, such as machinery cost, about cost, rent, electricity) increase more that which is estimated in the budget. In fixed budget this cannot be changed. Therefore, actual expenditure exceeds than the estimated value in the budget. A good way to mitigate the budget that is based is that having shorter review periods. For example, if estimated budget is for one year. Then managers can review the budget after three month period or on quarter basis. The second way to guard the company from base budget is that to approach zero based budgeting. Budget starts from zero and items included in the budget should be justifiable to the budget holder. All expenses allocated for the whole project, should justify each activity separately and develop a questioning attitude. This helps to minimize the over spendinging and inefficient. Therefore company cannot spend more that what it is estimated and from the estimated expenditure, expected profits will be generated. Conclusion From above discussion, we can conclude that, increase in company gross profit would have a direct impact on net profit. Generating more sales will increase the gross profits and by minimizing the company expenses, the companies net profit would increase. And the profitability can be compared against the previous years by using ratios and trend analysis. Secondly, businesses normally prepare the budgets annually and quarterly. Regular evaluation of budgets prevents from overspending and adjust the budgets, according to changing the environment. And also in order to achieve high credit facility a budgeted, not only the credit manager should work on it. Other department staffs like sales and senior management should play an important role in doing so. References Atrill, McLaney, Harvey Jenner 2012, Accounting an introduction, 5th edn, Pearson Australia. FICM, GB 1986,  © 2004 FECMA , viewed 1 December 2014, https://www.fecma.eu/Documents/FECMA%20Credit%20Policy%20chapt%20%201.pdf. McLaney, E Atrill, P 2010, Accounting An Introduction, 5th edn, Pearson Education Limited. Riley, Jim 2012, Tutor2u Limited, viewed 1 December 2014, https://www.tutor2u.net/business/accounts/incremental-budgeting.htm. Schaeffer, MS 2012, Essentials of Credit, Collections, and Accounts Receivable, John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, USA. Page 1 of 14

Generational Diversity Groups A Generational Group Essay

There are four generational diversity groups. In this paper I will discuss the four groups, including each group’s name, timeframe, and the characteristics of each group. Then, I will discuss the group in which I belong and the characteristics of the group that I possess. Lastly, I will choose a different group than my own and describe how each group can learn from the other. Overview of Four Generations There are four generational groups. The first I will discuss is the Veterans (1925-1945). Nurses from this generation lived during and through world wars. Due to incentives given by the government these nurses continued to work past retirement age. Veterans have many characteristics which include being disciplined and they put a value on teamwork. They are also loyal and have a respect for hard work as well as a respect for authority. Often Veterans work in management positions (Andrews Boyle, 2012). Baby Boomers (1946-1964) is the second generational group. This group has a sense of entitlement. They experienced economic prosperity as they were growing up and had the motto â€Å"Living to work†. Baby Boomers are competitive and strong willed. They want recognition for their achievements and enjoy things such as pay raises and work incentives as signs of recognition. Baby Boomers believe their personal fulfillment is in relation to their work. They put their worth based on outside opinions of them (Andrews Boyle, 2012). Generation X (1965-1980) is the third generationalShow MoreRelatedGenerational Diversity in the Workplace1445 Words   |  6 PagesGenerational Diversity in the Workplace Managerial Communications 10/14/2011 Today, the workplace environment is comprised of people, both males and females from all different cultures and generations. For the first time in U.S. history there are four different generations out in the workforce. 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This paper briefly discusses a fewRead MoreGenerational Affects in Business Ethics Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesGenerational Affects in Business Ethics We are experiencing in our work force a changing of the guard, currently there are three generational groups that make up our workforce: The Baby Boomers, Generation X, and the Millennials, who for the past few years have begun to work together. However, what we are discovering is that because of the time frame of their births and the life altering affects during those times, it has influenced the values and objectives of each of these groups, ultimatelyRead MoreManaging Generational Divide887 Words   |  4 PagesEffectively Managing the Generational Divide The most critical issue facing management now, and in the future, is the generational differences that they must acknowledge, understand and embrace. Understanding generational differences can exist is more critical than others for several reasons: the issue will be ongoing as people rotate in and out of the workforce, embracing the differences can bring a diverse way of thinking and handling projects, and to traverse the divide requires continual managementRead MoreNurses Diverse Cultural Background And Impact On Care Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pageson care Cultural diversity is when a group of individuals from different cultures come together. The cultural differences include; race, ethnicity, language, nationality, religion, age, gender, social status, or sexual orientation come together (Andrews, Boyle, 2016). Cultural diversity incorporates how individuals perceive themselves, and how he or she perceives others of different cultures or sub-cultures. Age or generation is an essential aspect of workforce diversity. Generation is importantRead MoreAre Generational Differences a Reason to Judge Similarities in the Workplace?1082 Words   |  5 Pagesproclaimed, Diversity in the workplace means creating an environment where people from dissimilar backgrounds can utilize their talents and work productively together,† (NEPA Diversity Guide, 2007). Organizations have been striving to understand and create an abundant amount of diversity amongst their employees. It has been instilled in the minds of today’s employees th at everyone is different and unique and companies want originality. Since companies have been putting a strong focus on diversity, it

The Epic Of Gilgamesh The Struggle For Women - 1183 Words

The struggle for women to play a significant role in history can be traced from the ancient Mesopotamians to the 1900’s. There has been a continuous battle for women to gain equal rights legally and to be treated equally in all aspects of life. The Epic of Gilgamesh contains some of the oldest recorded accounts of the roles of women and their importance in a functional society. Women have been viewed as anything from goddesses to unwanted servants throughout history, regardless of a variety of changes in rulers, religions, and time periods. The Epic of Gilgamesh might lead one to consider the roles of women small and insignificant compared to the man s role. In fact, throughout the epic tale, three women; Shamhat, Ishtar, and Siduri, were able to create and maintain a civilized Mesopotamian society using the uniqueness of their bodies, minds, and spirits. Even though Shamat does not have a large role in The Epic of Gilgamesh, she does shape how the story begins. Shamat works in a brothel as a main temple prostitute. The short appearance that she delivers sends out a powerful message (shmoop). Gilgamesh sends her into the wilderness to tame the strong man who we later find out this is Enkidu. Shamat uses her body to transform a wild beast into a civilized man over the course of seven days (Role of Women). A women’s body is perceived as a transformation platform; the anatomy of the body is able to do a task that is incomparable to any task a hero can perform for another manShow MoreRelatedEpic of Gilgamesh1581 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The epic poem dubbed the Epic of Gilgamesh is perhaps the earliest surviving literature on the face of the planet. The poem came from Mesopotamia in its original cuneiform script comprising 12 tablets. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a chronicle detailing the classic adventures of Gilgamesh, a historic king of Uruk. Over the years, historians have eliminated the 12th tablet for alleged inconsistencies. The poem depicts a wide range of themes such as the inevitability of death, whichRead MoreExamining the Different Versions of Epic of Gilgamesh861 Words   |  3 PagesSource 1 Abusch, T. (Oct-Dec 2001). The development and meaning of the Epic of Gilgamesh: An interpretive essay. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 121(4), 614-622. Type of Source Source 1 is a journal article paginated by volume. Summary This journal article examines 3 versions of the Gilgamesh Epic: the Old Babylonian version; the Eleven-Tablet version; and the Twelve-Tablet version. Though all 3 versions deal with the issues and choices of human beings and also with the inescapableRead MoreGender Roles in the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh is a story of Gilgamesh, a man who was two-thirds god that was saved by companionship. Gilgamesh was a cruel and careless king, who spent his time raping women, exhausting citizens, and conquering foes and foreign lands until he met, fought and was guided by his great friend and soul mate, Enkidu. With the help of Enkidu and his influence, he learned compassion as well as wisdom and integrity, and eventually Gilgamesh became a great and fair king. Though the story focusesRead MoreOdysseus vs. Gilgamesh Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe epic poems The Odyssey, written by Homer, and Gilgamesh, translated by David Ferry, feature the struggles and triumphs of two epic heroes, Odysseus and Gilgamesh. Epic heroes exemplify six common traits. They are all strong fighters, complete with physical beauty and intimidation. The epic hero is dangerous yet protects ordinary people. There is always an encounter with death and the cosmos. They are superhuman, but they are not supernatural, although they come in contact with the supernaturalRead MoreSundiata Essay971 Words   |  4 Pages Epics Sundiata was written in Africa. Gilgamesh was the oldest one written. Other works include the Iliad and the Odyssey, which were written by the blind prophet Homer. What do all these works of literature have in common with each other? The similarity that all these works of literature have is that they are all epics. What does this mean? What is an epic? The definition of an epic is that an epic is a long, narrative poem with a hero that goes on a quest. What is the hero? Well, the characteristicsRead MoreAnalysis of Internal and Eternal Journeys Within Gilgamesh674 Words   |  3 PagesJourneys within Gilgamesh: Internal and external The Epic of Gilgamesh details two fundamental types of heroic journeys or questions: external and internal ones. The first journey is an external one, in which Gilgamesh proves himself to be the most valiant of all warriors, overcoming Enkidu and Humbaba. The second type of journey is an internal one, in which Gilgamesh seeks to understand the meaning of life, after the death of his beloved friend Enkidu. When Gilgamesh realizes that his strengthRead MoreEssay on Love in the Epic of Gilgamesh and Genesis 992 Words   |  4 PagesAt an early point in history, The Epic of Gilgamesh and the story of Genesis were two texts that set the framework of the entire world. They were two epics that established the foundations of religion, literature, and all other standards that were followed by every category of people. Both texts entice the audience through antique language, and the stories of epic heroes and immortal gods. Sin-Leqi-Unninni and the many writers of the Bible use love as the ir central theme, yet it unfolds as havingRead MoreExploring Human Nature in The Epic of Gilgamesh and Samuel I1034 Words   |  5 Pagesthreaten the survival of another. The Epic of Gilgamesh and the book of Samuel I illustrate the corruption that results from using the threat of power, be it human or divine, to ensure one’s best interests and the extreme lengths a human will travel in the pursuit of denying death. The Epic of Gilgamesh follows the journey of the hero Gilgamesh, ruler of Uruk, who is two-thirds a God and just one part human. We are introduced to Gilgamesh as a tyrant who covets women and sends young men to battle orRead MoreThe Universal Theme Of Good Vs. Evil1302 Words   |  6 Pagescarries the negative sense of chaos. In the Epic of Gilgamesh there are examples of good vs. evil such as the external values of pagan culture (heroism). Gilgamesh is a dictatorial king who is very harsh and does anything he pleases; he works the people to death, kills the men, sleeps with and uses the women, and takes whatever he wants from the citizens. The people of Uruk cry out to the Gods for help and the goddess of creation has instructed a twin for Gilgamesh named Enkidu, who is strong enough toRead MoreThe Journey Of Gilgamesh And Enkidu904 Words   |  4 PagesGilgamesh had a journey that he had begun with Enkidu which they had to travel to Cedar Forest to defeat Humbaba. When Enkidu died, Gilgamesh had to deal with his own journey that’s when everything begins for him. He learned immortality from which he got from Utnapishtim. His journey ended when he had return to Uruk. The second part of his journey was for wisdom. When Gilgamesh had to find Utnapishtim, he believes that it was for immortality. But it was impossible. It was not possible.

The Oil And Gas Industry - 1146 Words

The oil and gas industry is crucial to the U.S. economy and plays a central role in its environment, society, and economic development . The U.S. consumes more oil than any other country. Products derived from oil include medicine, recreational sports items, cosmetics, plastic, chemicals, transportation liquids, etc... This is to say, crude oil is the most important natural resource of the industrialized nations, as it has assisted in the technical expansion and discovery of new sources and production of existing oil fields (Wintershall, 2015). The North American Industry Classification System (NACS) code for upstream oil and gas is 213112 Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations. This code is used by Federal statistical agencies in classifying businesses for purpose of collecting, analyzing, and publishing statistical data related to the U.S. business economy. The broad Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) for oil and gas exploration falls under SIC 13. Throughout this paper, we explore oil extraction in the U.S., SIC 1311, and provide an economic analysis of the Upstream Oil Exploration Companies in the United States. History Oil history in the United States began in the 19th century. In 1859 John D. Rockefeller built a small oil refinery. In 1866 he opened an export office in New York City, and a year later Rockefeller joined forces with his brother William, S.V. Harkness, and Henry M. Flagler and created what was to become the Standard Oil Company. InShow MoreRelatedThe Oil And Gas Industry1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe oil and gas industry is characterized by many processes, including exploration, resource extraction, refining, transport, and the trade of products. These resources are important to a number of other industries, and have become vital to the maintenance of industrial civilization. Not only does energy affect the big businesses on the coasts and across the oceans; but it also affects everyday people in rural America, from pump jacks to coal mines. It’s easy to see that technology affects retailRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry2146 Words   |  9 Pagesand production one like Cair n Energy, operate in the oil and gas industry. Each of these companies faces some financial, commercial or contractual considerations similar throughout the industry, and some peculiar to the area of operation within the industry. Problems within the oil and gas companies have occurred in the past due to askew interests and these problems are likely to occur in the future. Managers within the oil and gas industries requires essential working knowledge of the concepts involvedRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry2308 Words   |  10 PagesWhen thinking about how all this oil and gas gets from the platforms in the gulf to land to be produced, you will run across the phrase, â€Å"flow assurance.† Flow assurance is what makes sure these oils and gases get from point A to point B without any hesitations or problems. Its main purpose is to prevent hydrates, clogged pipes, and wax depositions. So can the oilfield industry survive without flow assurance, especially in deep water operat ions? By reading this, you will learn how important flowRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry2910 Words   |  12 PagesThe oil and gas industry has been largely dependent on the collaboration between oil and gas companies and governments represented by environmental and regulatory agencies. This collaboration has been in place to regulate the practices and to protect the environment around the field operations sites. Some of the environmental agencies roles in the oil and gas industry includes: †¢ The design of safety procedures and drills. †¢ The implementation of these procedures to ensure they’re respected and carriedRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry1285 Words   |  6 Pagesthe largest in the southern U.S. and Texas, has been developing strong economy, especially in oil and gas industry. During the last decades of the twentieth century, Houston focused on developing energy industry—which comprises oil and gas exploration and production, oilfield equipment manufacturing and wholesaling, and pipeline transportation. However, some economists doubt that depending on oil and gas too much could make Houston particularly vulnerable to economic downturns determined by energyRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry1662 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most capital intensive and globalized industries is the energy sector because of its operations that are inherently complex. As such, the oil and gas projects experience overruns of costs that exceeds 100 percent at times, which have created the need for adoption o f new contracting strategies (Schramn, Meibner, Weidinger, 2009). The risks in most cases are contractually distributed and shared among the energy project stakeholders instead of leaving it to the owner. Some of the risksRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry1070 Words   |  5 PagesStarting my petroleum engineering degree, the oil and gas industry was doing very well at the time.The price of oil was around a hundred dollars per barrel, new independent companies were frequently being created, and the employment rate after graduating with a petroleum engineering degree was close to one hundred percent.However, the outlook of the industry has drastically changed while being in school.The price of oil is now hovering around thirty dollars per barrel and many companies are now havingRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry2120 Words   |  9 Pages The oil and gas industry happens to be the largest industry in the world as it is the singular point of growth for a civilisation. Its importance lies in the fact that it is a fundamental aspect involving every individual’s lives from petrochemical products to transportation, heating and electricity fuels. Edwin Drake in Titusville, Pennsylvania drilled the very first oil well during 1859 and it paved the way to the beginning of the oil industry in America. While Edwin Drake focused on drillingRead MoreIfrs And Oil And Gas Industry985 Words   |  4 PagesTracy SzeWai Yim Professor. Karen (Jingrong) Lin Advanced Financial Accounting - Sec 061 June 20, 2016 GAAP vs IFRS in Oil and Gas Industry (Exxon Mobil vs Royal Dutch Shell) Oil and Gas industry is not a stranger in the international market since everyone around the world has a certain level of demand on Oil and Gas. Therefore, different oil and gas companies are founded across the world and a lot of them have gone global. Becoming global has enlarged the companies’ revenue but also complicatedRead MoreIndustry Analysis : The Oil And Gas Industry976 Words   |  4 PagesIndustry Analysis: The oil and gas industry is expansive and rather complex industry consisting of oil, fossil fuels, natural gas, oil and green energy sources. Combined the above sources make-up 32% of total energy consumed worldwide. Three sectors define the value chain of the oil industry; Upstream – which is the process of exploration and extracting the natural resource, control storage and entail refinement process. Midstream – consisting of distribution by pipelines and large quantity shipments

Essay On Social Inequality - 925 Words

Imagine an utopia in which there is no social injustice. No discrimination on gender. Status. Mental health. When I was little, I read a book about an African American girl named Clover, who lived in a town that was interestingly divided by a fence. Dark skinned people separated from light skinned. Eventually little Clover would find a playmate from the other side of the fence and be shunned by her dark skinned friends. My naive five year old brain didn’t think much of it. At the time, it was just another book being read to me. Eventually, I realized that, this was the society that we live in. Looking back on it though, I noticed that the fence is given a lot more importance than it deserves. That’s because it isn’t merely a†¦show more content†¦We could stay here all day and talk about what social inequality is and unfortunately, give the thousands of examples strewn into media, history, and the world. However, I prefer to discuss how this can be reversed. To begin with, learn to recognize examples of this injustice. Then, we can revise our attitude towards inequality. Additionally, we can challenge some of the stereotypes associated with people of different groups. Firstly, to be able to truly fix a problem, the mechanisms need to be understood. Unfortunately, the concept is so common that it is integrated even subtly into media. As an activist, I feel that in today’s day and age, we see a lot of inequality in sexual orientation and subtle gender and racial inequality. However, it is pretty obvious that certain ones resurface throughout history and others are more prominent in different parts of the world. For example, the persecution of gay men in Chechnya. The tendency for the media to showcase a female’s outfit and makeup even if they are famous for being involved in sports. The first step is to definitely be conscious of these little aspects in our everyday life and the big ones we hear about in the news. You end up getting a lot of examples where people have been discriminated against due to who they are and how they aren’t defined by what is on the outside. This will help change views on social inequality. No, people with learning disorders do not have a bleak future.Show MoreRelatedSocial Inequality Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Inequality What is social inequality? What are the sources of social inequality? For me, social inequality cannot be described in one sentence. Factors such as race, wealth, class, gender, age, among others all play roles into why people can sometimes be treated unfairly. However before I introspectively reflect on social inequality, there is one theory that suggests where today’s society is heading for me. Karl Marx is known as a prominent economic and political influence that livedRead MoreSocial Inequalities Essay929 Words   |  4 Pages Different social classes can be distinguished by inequalities in such areas as power, authority, and wealth, working and living conditions, life-styles, life span, education, religion, and culture. The 19th century was primarily divided into four distinct social groups (or classes): â€Å"upper class†, â€Å"middle class†, â€Å"working class†, and â€Å"under class†. Beneath the working class of industrial workers, submerged the â€Å"under class†. They were often referred to as the â€Å"sunken people†-- those of which livedRead MoreSocial Inequality Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough time, inequality is slowly less evident. A lot of people dont realize that although things are improving with time, inequality is still prominent in our society. The people that are failing to realize that there still is inequality, are the fortunate ones. They rise well above the poverty line, and usually live relatively economically sound lives. They are the people who are supplied with our societys benefits. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The people that are in pursuit of social change, andRead MoreSocial Inequality in Society Essay2617 Words   |  11 PagesSocial Inequality in Society Social inequality influences all aspects of our lives. The following essay will look at evidence highlighting inequalities in society today. In particular it will focus upon inequalities found between men andRead More Social Conflict and Inequality Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Conflict and Inequality The social conflict paradigm is a theory based on society being a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social change. Personal life experiences dictate me to believe this theory is true. Discussion of the theory in question and how it pertains to myself will be covered in the paper. Social conflict can be seen all over the world we live in: in sports, politics and normal social engagements. The main point I have experienced with thisRead MoreSan Francisco Social Inequality Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages Social Inequality of the Golden City The Golden Gate Bridge takes a curious traveler across the San Francisco Bay area into a marvelous journey towards a technologically innovative city of San Francisco. The city of San Francisco has forever been a national symbol of coveted opportunity, cultural disapprobation, technological blossoming – and, frankly, economic inequality. In the past, countless attempts were made by multiple scholars to identify the sources of San Francisco’s social inequalityRead MoreSocial Income Inequality Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesA major social problem in America today is its inequality of the distribution of income. Income inequality refers to the gap between the rich and the poor. The United States has the most unequal income distribution in the industrialized world, and it is growing at a faster rate than any other industrialized country (Eitzen Leedham, pg. 37). The main reason as to why income is distributed so unequally is because of the gap between social cla sses. Each social class has a certain power, andRead MoreEssay on Social Inequality in the United States701 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Inequality in the United States There is a high degree of social inequality within the United States. Of most modern industrial countries, the United Stated has some of the richest and some of the poorest people to be found. That fact is very disturbing, however, explains why much of the inequality exists in the US. In the following essay I will explain to you about the inequality in our country and why it occurs, based on the theoretical perspectives of a functionalistRead MoreSocial Inequality In Australia Essay1580 Words   |  7 PagesSocial inequality and its impacts on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people Social inequality is a problematic phenomenon that occurs all around the world and affects both the developed and developing nations. It is defined as â€Å"the unequal distribution of social, political and economic resources within a social collective† (van Krieken et al. 2013, p. 205). Inequality is closely connected with social stratification, a system of social hierarchy that positions individuals and groups into categoriesRead MoreTheories of Social Inequality Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Social Inequality In briefly evaluating the classical and modern explanations of social inequality, it is essential that we step outside the realm of our own lives, class position, and discard any assumptions we might have about the nature of inequality. This process of critical pedagogy allows us to view our world, not from our perspective, but from a wider, more critical analysis of inequalitys nature. Also, it should be considered within this wider perspective that all theories

Strategic Analyses for Estia Health Aged-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Conduct a strategic analyses for Estia Health Aged Care, an Australia's publicly listed company. Answer: Introduction Estia was established in 2005. Today the company is one of the biggest residential aged care providers in Australia. The company offers more than 67 facilities and the activities are conducted in more than 5,910 places. 7,000 employees are operating the activities across victoria, South Australia, Queensland. Estia motive is to offer its consumers with the good standards of aged care services in an innovative and supportive environment. The company has an experienced management team who are dedicated towards the work and has the capability to conduct the activities effectively. The operational efficiency of the company is to give proper results via its corporate center situated in Melbourne and also across Australia. The market share of the company is large and the financial strength of the company is strong as compared to other health aged care companies. In this report, the discussion will be made by taking into consideration pestle, Porter 5 five forces, strategic capabilities, VRIO and SWOT. In Australia, the problems that are faced are related to aging population and making policies and healthcare for the aged people. There are many policies measures that are taken into consideration by the government to aim at social support. There are also some policies that are successful and have been faced at the time of implementation. So there are many problems in the residential aged care (Marttunen et al., 2017). External analysis Pestle Political analysis It is seen that the public expenditure on health is low as compared to other countries and the residential aged care is more dominant in the private sector. The facilities of the government assist to attract foreign investors by considering the investor-friendly policies and tax incentives. The government hopes to offer innovative drugs and also to offer modern medical equipment. By giving emphasis on telemedicine in Australia the services can be availed easily and also information technology and communication can assist the customers (Attoe et al., 2017). The government is also giving focus on encouraging good partnerships that are both private and public. It also helps to promote medical tourism. The Australian government is giving emphasis on giving proper and affordable healthcare services so that the vulnerable sections of many areas can be developed (D'Andreamatteo et al., 2015). The major part is of government to give priority to the residential aged care in developing the agenda. There are also many hospital schemes that will help to create opportunities so that residential aged care can grow. Estia has to consider many policies at the time of implementing the plans. Economic environment The healthcare expenditure is availed from private patients just because of the high income. The rise in the income can increase the middle age group people (McCarthy et al., 2015). The government investment policies also help to give proper opportunities as the large investments require good scale to raise the infrastructure of the healthcare. It is also evaluated that majority of healthcare services are offered by the private sectors. The spending behavior of the public in Estia will rise as there are many chances of rising and low income (Al-Abri and Al-Balushi, 2014). Socio-cultural environment It is seen that there is a shift in diseases profiles. The diseases are shifted from infectious to lifestyle-related disease. In Estia the people who are aged are offered good quality services so that they can take care of their health. The people who are not able to take care of themselves come here so that they can take care of themselves in a proper manner (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2018). The population rate in Australia is high so there is a huge shift in the old age homes as people go there so that they can live happy and safe life. The rise in the literacy rate is improving the awareness in the health sector about the lifestyle diseases that can be very costly for the old age people (Barzman et al., 2015). Technological environment The healthcare system in Australia is under high pressure. There is a long list of old age people who need good treatment and also emphasizes on enhancing the living standards (Vergados, 2010). Estia offers cost competitive medical treatment so that the people can be satisfied and happy. If the company considers the latest technology then proper assistance can be given to the people who are the part of the aged care hub (Kelly, 2017). It is seen that the company should also give emphasis on speeding up the technology that disrupts the industry. The slow speed of the technology can take more time as well as the fast speed of technology can enhance the profits (Canuto et al., 2017). In estia the technological impact takes into consideration the overall technology impact on product offering and also on the rate of technological diffusion. The impact is also seen in the value chain structure in health and service sector and also the cost structure is affected (Moro Visconti, 2016). Legal environment In many countries, there is a legal framework so that intellectual property can be protected by the rights of a company. The organization should analyze everything before entering the markets so that competitive edge can be achieved. The legal factors that should be taken into consideration at the time of entering the market are employment law, data protection, health and safety law, discrimination law and consumer protection law (Nilsagrd et al., 2015). Environmental factor There are many different markets that have different standards which can impact on the overall profits of the market. Before entering the new market the company analyzes the environmental standards that are necessary to be conducted in those markets. The environmental factors that should be considered by the company are: weather, climate change, endangered species, recycling, and management of waste. It is important to consider proper regulations so that the activities can be conducted smoothly (Krause, 2015). Porter 5 force Model Estia can take into consideration porter five forces analysis so that proper understanding can be made of the competitive forces so that profitability and proper strategies can be made. Porter five forces analysis gives major impact on the overall profitability of the company in the operations are conducted. The five forces are: Threat of new entrants The new entries in healthcare equipment and services create innovation and many other ways of conducting the activities as it gives pressure on low pricing strategy and offering new value propositions to the consumers. The company has the responsibility to manage all the issues and to create proper barriers so that competitive edge can be protected (McCarthy and Chaplin, 2016). The company can manage the threats of new entrants by taking into consideration innovative products so that new customers can be given chance and also old customer can be given reason to purchase the product and services of the company. By creating economies of scale so that the fixed cost proportion can be reduced by giving focus on per unit. (van Raaij, 2016). Also by creating capabilities and spending money on research and development the new entrants can easily enter into the dynamic industry where the payers are set and proper standards are maintained. The major significance is that it minimizes the overall profits for the new entrants and also discourages the new players in the company (Newman and Newman, 2017). Bargaining power of Suppliers The companies in the residential aged care can purchase the raw materials easily as the suppliers are many. The suppliers can minimize the overall margins. The suppliers who are powerful in this sector can consider their power of negotiation to gain high prices from the companies in the health industry. The impact is seen on the higher supplier bargaining power as it reduces the profits of the health industry. The power of the suppliers can be managed by creating a good supply chain with many suppliers. The experimentation with the designs of the product can also be sued so that the prices can be low of the raw materials. It is also important to develop dedicated suppliers whose overall profit depends on the firm. The major lesson of the company is to learn from Wal-Mart and Nike that how they create the manufacturers of the third party and have less bargaining power (Makai et al., 2014). Bargaining power of Buyers It is analyzed that buyers demand more. They purchase the best product available by giving fewer prices. This can put pressure on the overall profitability and also can reduce the customer base of the company as the bargaining power is high of the customers and they can also avail high discounts (Zalengera et al., 2014). The bargaining power of buyers can be handled if they build a large base of customers and also it will help to reduce the bargaining power of buyers and offer an opportunity to the company so that they can streamline the process of production. By considering innovative products the customers can easily offer discounts and offers on established products so that new products can limit the bargaining power of the buyer. New products will also minimize the defection of the old customer of estia to its competitors (Naccarella et al., 2018). Threats of substitute products or services When the new product and services satisfy the requirement of the customers the overall profitability of the company enhances. The threat of substitute is high if it gives a value proposition that is unique to the company and its customers. The estia can manage the threat of substitute by being service oriented rather than product oriented. By evaluating the core requirements of the customers rather than what actually customer wants to purchase. The switching cost of the customers can also help to manage the threat of substitutes. Rivalry among the existing competitors If the rivalry in the company is intense then it can reduce the prices and also reduce the overall profits of the company. The company conducts in a competitive residential aged care . The competition does not consider overall profits of the company. Estia can manage the rivalry competition by creating sustainable differentiation and also by building the scale that can compete properly. By collaboration with the competitors, the market size can be increased rather than giving a competition in the small market (Cadar et al., 2017). So, by evaluating all the competitive forces it is seen that to achieve the strategic picture of the company the profitability is considered and the main focus is given on the changing trends that can exploit the emerging opportunity. SWOT Analysis Strength of Estia As the company is one of the leading companies so there is much strength that assists to grab the large market share. The organization has a good performance in the new markets and it has entered into the new markets to achieve success. The expansion has given an opportunity to the company to enhance the new revenue stream and diversifies the economic cycle risk in the overall market where the activities are operated. The major strength of the company is that it has a strong cash flow that offers resources to the company so that new projects can be expanded (Ahmadi et al., 2016). There are reliable suppliers of raw material that helps to overcome any supply chain bottlenecks. The company also has the good dealer community that helps to create a good culture among the distributor and dealers so that they can promote the products and can also invest in training so that maximum benefit can be achieved. Estia has good success at going to market strategies for its products. The company is also giving emphasis on investing in training and development so that proper results can be considered. Weakness It is seen that the company require a huge investment to consider the latest technology so that the expansion can take place effectively. The company has to put more money so that the process can be integrated. In the current scenario, the investment in technologies is not at par by considering the vision of the company. Estia is not able to manage the challenges by new entrants in the segment and lost small market share. It is also evaluated that the financial planning is not done properly and effectively as the current ratio and liquid assets gives the idea that the cash can be used more properly and also the company is focusing on raising the capital so that positive impact can be achieved in the long term (Kapoor et al., 2016). Opportunities The company has following opportunities that can be availed. There are more customers from the online platform. The company is investing in an online platform so that more and more customers can be attracted. The competency of the company can achieve success in similar products. It is important for the company to open new markets so that proper adoption of latest technology can take place and the free trade agreement can be made effectively. Latest technology offers differentiated pricing strategy that can help to maintain loyal customers with good service for long term. The new taxation policy can also give direct impact on the activities of the business as it opens a new opportunity for the company (Ajmera, 2017). Threats For the long term, the threat to the company can be new technologies that are taking place in the market. Liability laws in many countries are different and it can bring change in the overall policies of the company. Estia also faces a problem of different laws and continuous fluctuations in relation to the standards of the products. The profitability can be enhanced in the industry if the pressure is downwards and also the focus should be on sales so that overall activities can be conducted smoothly. Currency fluctuation is also the major threat to the company. Strategic capabilities Strategic capability is the ability through which the company conducts the activities so that the strategies related to competition can enhance the value over the time. So, estia is the company in which proper care is taken of old age people so that they can live their life in a happy manner. In this section the resources and competencies will be discussed of Estia Company: Resources based view The resources that are used by the company are beneficial for the people who are aged. Estia requires threshold resources so that they can compete in a market. The company gives necessary needs to the customers so that they can compete in the market. Resources and technology are important for the company to sustain in the market. It is analyzed that if it is managed properly then it can be easy to achieve competitive advantage. It also assists to enhance the overall profits and revenue of Estia (Sweeney et al., 2015). A resource-based view is a strategy through which overview is done by considering the strategies of competitive advantage. Estia resources should have many characteristics so that competitive advantage can be achieved. The characteristics are: Estia gives value to its customers in the global market. Like for example, the organization should offer products and services at a low price so that everyone can avail easily. Resources should be unique so that competitive advantage can be achieved to estia if comparison is made with other competitors. The competitive advantage must be imitable. Like for example: the products and services should be offered to the customers in a proper manner and it should not be copied from the competitors. Also, the resources should not be replaced and exchanged with other resources of the competitors. The resources should be utilized to initiate the same strategy and approach that is necessary to achieve success in the market. Competencies Estia can achieve competitive advantage by giving proper services to the customers so that the satisfaction level can be enhanced. It is seen that if products and services are not offered at less price as compare to the competitors then it can be not easy to survive in the competitive environment. Estia also focuses on giving good products and services to the customers. VRIO MODEL This framework is important as it considers the capabilities and potential that is favorable to sustain the competitive advantage. It also gives a positive impact on the overall activities of the organization. It also diversifies the products and services in the competitive market. Valuable In this step, it is evaluated that a resource adds value to the product and service of the company. The resources that are offered by the company are valuable as they help the old age people to be happy. It is valuable as the value of the customers is enhanced. Estia gives emphasis on offering products and services at low cost if the comparison is made with other competitors. It is seen if the resources so not meet this condition then it can give disadvantage related to competition. It is essential to analyze the value of the resources so that internal and external conditions can be less valuable. The resources that are provided to the customers are for long term. Rare Resources that can be attained by the companies are known as rare. In this, it is important that the products should be valuable to the customers so that they can easily compete in the market. This situation arises when the companies have the same type of resources that lead to tough competition in the market. The companies use same resources so that effective strategies can be implemented and superior performance can be achieved. Costly to imitate If the resources of the company are not imitated then it can be costly for the organization to imitate the product. Imitation can take place in two ways. The first way is by considering the duplication of the resource and secondly by giving comparable products and services in the market. Estia has valuable resources and by this, the competitive advantage can be achieved effectively. Organized to capture value It is seen that the resources not only give an advantage to the company but if it is not recognized then it can give negative impact on the value of the customers. The company should take proper management systems and policies so that potential can be realized and the resources and capabilities can be evaluated. Conclusion So it is concluded that resources play an essential role to enhance the market share of the company. In this report SWOT analysis, pestle analysis, Porter 5 forces and competitive advantage are considered to evaluate the market condition of estia. It is recommended that to maintain the proper image in the market the company should try to enhance the goodwill and also the resource-based view characteristics can help to reach a large audience in less time. References Ahmadi, M., Dileepan, P. and Wheatley, K.K., 2016. A SWOT analysis of big data.Journal of Education for Business,91(5), pp.289-294. Ajmera, P., 2017. Ranking the strategies for Indian medical tourism sector through the integration of SWOT analysis and TOPSIS method.International journal of health care quality assurance,30(8), pp.668-679. Al-Abri, R. and Al-Balushi, A., 2014. Patient satisfaction survey as a tool towards quality improvement.Oman medical journal,29(1), p.3. Attoe, C., Billon, G., Riches, S., Marshall-Tate, K., Wheildon, J. and Cross, S., 2017. Actors with intellectual disabilities in mental health simulation training.The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice,12(4), pp.272-278. Barzman, M., Brberi, P., Birch, A.N.E., Boonekamp, P., Dachbrodt-Saaydeh, S., Graf, B., Hommel, B., Jensen, J.E., Kiss, J., Kudsk, P. and Lamichhane, J.R., 2015. Eight principles of integrated pest management.Agronomy for sustainable development,35(4), pp.1199-1215. Cadar, D., Robitaille, A., Clouston, S., Hofer, S.M., Piccinin, A.M. and Muniz-Terrera, G., 2017. An international evaluation of cognitive reserve and memory changes in early old age in 10 European countries.Neuroepidemiology,48(1-2), pp.9-20. Canuto, A., Weber, K., Baertschi, M., Andreas, S., Volkert, J., Dehoust, M.C., Sehner, S., Suling, A., Wegscheider, K., Ausn, B. and Crawford, M.J., 2017. Anxiety disorders in old age: psychiatric comorbidities, quality of life, and prevalence according to age, gender, and country.The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. DAndreamatteo, A., Ianni, L., Lega, F. and Sargiacomo, M., 2015. Lean in healthcare: A comprehensive review.Health policy,119(9), pp.1197-1209. Kail, R.V. and Cavanaugh, J.C., 2018.Human development: A life-span view. Cengage Learning. Kapoor, R., Tan-Koi, W.C. and Teo, Y.Y., 2016. Role of pharmacogenetics in public health and clinical health care: a SWOT analysis.European Journal of Human Genetics,24(12), p.1651. Kelly, M., 2017. The implementation of the Care Programme Approach for service users with a learning disability. Building Bridges to the same Old Horizons?.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing. Krause, N., 2015. Early Parental Support, Relationships With God, and Self-Rated Health in Advanced Old Age.Journal of Religion, Spirituality Aging,27(4), pp.305-322. Makai, P., Brouwer, W.B., Koopmanschap, M.A., Stolk, E.A. and Nieboer, A.P., 2014. Quality of life instruments for economic evaluations in health and social care for older people: a systematic review.Social science medicine,102, pp.83-93. Marttunen, M., Lienert, J. and Belton, V., 2017. Structuring problems for Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in practice: A literature review of method combinations.European Journal of Operational Research,263(1), pp.1-17. McCarthy, J. and Chaplin, E., 2016. Reducing barriers to accessing services and improving engagement with interventions.Advances in Autism,2(1). McCarthy, J., Chaplin, E., Underwood, L., Forrester, A., Hayward, H., Sabet, J., Young, S., Asherson, P., Mills, R. and Murphy, D., 2015. Screening and diagnostic assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders in a male prison.Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour,6(2), pp.102-111. Moro Visconti, R., 2016. Healthcare public-private partnerships in Italy: Assessing risk sharing and governance issues with PESTLE and SWOT analysis.Since empirical considerations about Italy may be globally extended, even beyond the residential aged care , the audience of this study may conveniently widen well beyond its apparently narrow focus. Naccarella, L., Newton, C., Pert, A., Seemann, K., Williams, R., Sellick, K. and Dow, B., 2018. Workplace design for the Australian residential aged care workforce.Australasian journal on ageing. Newman, B.M. and Newman, P.R., 2017.Development through life: A psychosocial approach. Cengage Learning. Nilsagrd, Y., Gunn, H., Freeman, J., Hoang, P., Lord, S., Mazumder, R. and Cameron, M., 2015. Falls in people with MSan individual data meta-analysis from studies from Australia, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States.Multiple Sclerosis Journal,21(1), pp.92-100. Sweeney, J.C., Danaher, T.S. and McColl-Kennedy, J.R., 2015. Customer effort in value cocreation activities: improving quality of life and behavioral intentions of health care customers.Journal of Service Research,18(3), pp.318-335. van Raaij, E., 2016. Purchasing Value: Purchasing and Supply Management's Contribution to Health Service Performance. Vergados, D.D., 2010. Service personalization for assistive living in a mobile ambient healthcare-networked environment.Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,14(6), pp.575-590. Zalengera, C., Blanchard, R.E., Eames, P.C., Juma, A.M., Chitawo, M.L. and Gondwe, K.T., 2014. Overview of the Malawi energy situation and A PESTLE analysis for sustainable development of renewable energy.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,38, pp.335-347

Roman Art Vs. Greek Art Essay Example For Students

Roman Art Vs. Greek Art Essay Throughout history art has consistently reflected the cultural values and social structures of individual civilizations. Ancient art serves as a useful tool to help historians decipher some important aspects of ancient culture. From art we can determine the basic moral and philosophical beliefs of many ancient societies. The differences in arts purpose in Greece and Rome, for example, show us the fundamental differences in each cultures political and moral system. The primary objective of Greek art was to explore the order of nature and to convey philosophical thought, while Roman art was used primarily as a medium to project the authority and importance of the current ruler and the greatness of his empire. This change in the meaning of art from Greek to Roman times shows the gradual decline in the importance of intellectualism in ancient western culture. The earliest example of how art reflects the basic moral and philosophical belief systems in individual cultures is seen in the Ancient Egyptian empire. We will write a custom essay on Roman Art Vs. Greek Art specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The art of this time was highly idealized and mainly focused on displaying the divinity and importance of the Pharaoh. The most famous examples of this Theocratic influence on art are the Great Sphinx and the Pyramids of Chefren. The massive size and artistic perfection of these works, which were mainly dedicated to expressing the divinity of the Pharaoh, show that Egyptian society was based primarily on mythological law. The highly idealized, mythological style of Egyptian art suggests that Egyptian culture as a whole was not concerned with scientific and mathematical truths. Arts reflection of culture and society extends to the Greek and Roman empires, and shows the importance of intellectualism within each culture. It is apparent that from the beginnings of Greek art, meticulous order and precision were held on a high plateau. The Protogeometric and Geometric periods are good examples of such advanced thinking. The beginnings of the Protogeometric period display a distinct interest in mathematical order. During this period, artists decorated vases with circles and symmetrical patterns. As the dominant style changed from Protogeometric to Geometric, this order and precision was amplified. The popular circle and semicircle patterns were replaced by linear designs, zigzags, triangles, diamonds, and meanders Cunningham and Reich, 40. The increased interest in order seems to have been a reflection of the Greek fascination with nature, and mans relationship to nature. This interest in the order of nature eventually evolved into a fascination with the human form and the idea of human perfection. The way in which the perfect human form was portrayed by Greek artists was of a highly intellectual nature. The early sculptors of the period explored basic human anatomy and its aesthetic value, creating such sculptures as the Kritios Boy, of the Acropolis. The precision and realism of this sculpture captured a more accurate portrayal of the human form than ever before seen. This accomplishment in itself showed strong advancements in intellectual thought, and inspired future generations to further explore aesthetic and order. Artist such as Polyclitius later envisioned human perfection as a series of mathematical proportions. The Doryphoros, a sculpture done by Polycleatus himself, serves as an excellent example of how art reflects philosophical thought. This sculpture was constructed using a strict mathematical formula that was believed to represent the perfect male body. Cunningham and Reich, 87 Greek philosophers such as Aristotle further explored the value and importance of visual perfection and its effect on human consciousness. This exploration was later developed into a branch of philosophy known as Aesthetics. Aesthetics studied the nature and expression of beauty through art as well as the psychological responses to that beauty. Aesthetics arguably represented the highest intellectual point in Greek art and continued to influence philosophers and artists throughout the Hellenistic period. The fact that Greek civilization reached a point at which its art reflected some of the most refined thought ever recorded in the ancient world shows the importance of intellectualism in this great culture. .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df , .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df .postImageUrl , .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df , .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df:hover , .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df:visited , .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df:active { border:0!important; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df:active , .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaaa7ead2f21d6ca9d008e2b75fd721df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art 101: Northern Renaissance 15th CenturyIn contrast, Roman art was used as propaganda that displayed the authority and greatness of Romes current ruler; this in no way reflected evolution of thought. The Romans borrowed creative artistic ideas from the cultures that they conquered and used them to convey powerful and mythological imagery. This is first seen in the early Roman republic. Artworks such as The Bust of Cicero, modified from such Etruscan works as The Head of the Old Couple on the Volterra sarcophagus, served as a vessel with which artists could project the desired political appearance of politicians and statesmen could project . Artists began to use detailed craftsmanship with which they could portray human emotion and in turn use physical appearance to make a statement about politicians character. Cunningham and Reich, 144 Needless to say, popular art of the time was commissioned mostly by politicians and statesmen who wished to better their standing with the people they ruled. Art was no longer used to convey philosophical thought or to explore the delicate balance of nature. By the time of Augustus Caesar and the beginnings of Imperial Rome, the empire had spread as far east as Greece and as far south as Egypt. Only a short time after the Romans entered the Hellenistic era did they begin to recognize the greatness of precision of Greek art. The Romans were quick to adopt the most prevalent characteristics of this art and incorporate it into their own. Roman artists began to use the Greek ideas of detailed anatomy and mathematical proportions to depict the bodies of their rulers. This, in combination with use of mythological figures to show the divinity of the Caesar, brought Roman propagandistic art to a new level. The Augustus of Prima Porta is an excellent example of such Greek influences. The body of this sculpture is based on that of a Greek God figure such as the Hermes, by Praxtiteles. The artist who was responsible for the carving of the Augustus highly modifies the so-called perfect form in order to convey certain symbols of power. The most notable difference between this work and the original Greek works is that the subject is clothed with extravagant armor and drapery. The decorative breastplate worn by Augustus in this portrait is a symbol of empirical conquest, specifically, the defeat of the Parthians. The unusual magnitude of his arms is a symbol of the supreme authority he held over his empire. At his feet, a small sculpture of Cupid was carved in an attempt to show Augustuss divine lineage Cunningham and Reich, 150. Every aspect of this portrait is highly idealized and centered around the greatness and divinity of Augustus. Because little attempt was made to capture the actual physical appearance of the Emperor, this sculpture can not be considered a portrait but more accurately, a profile of greatness. Such works display the political domination and lack of originality in Roman art. The simplification of art during this period reflects an overall simplification of thought and decline in the importance of intellectualism in western culture.

Oscilloscope and Polymeter an Example by

Oscilloscope and Polymeter Because of technological advancements, signal voltages can now be seen. Through an electronic test instrument, this has become possible. This instrument shows a 2-D graph with electrical differences and is called oscilloscope. Vertical axis represents possible electrical differences. On the other hand, the horizontal axis stands for another voltage, or time (Tomal and Widmer, 1993, p. 119). Need essay sample on "Oscilloscope and Polymeter" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed While it is true that vertical axis shows the volate through an oscilloscope, other values can also be seen through this tool, like any quantity which can possible be changed into a voltage. Most of the time, an oscilloscope displays events that change at a slow pace, or repeat without a single change. Out of all the electronic instruments out on the market these days, oscilloscope proves to be the most widely-used and the most versatile tool among others (Tomal and Widmer, 1993, p. 119). If an individuals needs to see the exact wave shape of a particular electrical signal, then an oscilloscope is the perfect tool to make this possible. Aside from the electrical signal's amplitude, this instrument can also measure frequency and display distortion. It can also display the timing of two signals that are related to each other. An oscilloscope can also show the time taking place between two events. An example of these events include pulse rise or pulse width (Tomal and Widmer, 1993, p. 1 19). People Frequently Tell EssayLab professionals:How much do I have to pay someone to make my assignment in time?Essay writers propose: Get Your Essay Before The DeadlineEssay Helper Students Cheap Custom Writing Service College Paper Writing Service Reviews Buy Papers Online An individual who uses the digital version of this instrument will enjoy the analysis and display the tool can do. The digital version can do both of these to the spectrum of an event the repeatedly happens. Another type of an oscilloscope is the special-purpose type, which is also known as a spectrum analyzer. This type of oscilloscope has inputs which are highly sensitive, and can show spectra into the gigahertz range. Some oscilloscopes can also show spectra in audio range, and at the same time can also accept plug-ins (Tomal and Widmer, 1993, p. 119). The term oscilloscope may be strange to others, especially those who are not well-versed with the terms of medicine, telecommunications and engineering. This tool is widely used in the field of science, especially in industries, telecommunications, engineering and medicine. Some oscilloscopes are general-purpose oscilloscopes, which can be used to maintain laboratory work and electronic equipment. Those with special purpose can be used to display a heartbeat's wave form. It can also analyze a specific automotive ignition system (Scherz, 2000, p. 441). In the beginning, the oscilloscope was operated by cathode ray tubes. The ray tubes function as the oscilloscope's display element. Originally, the oscilloscope's ability to process signals was made possible with the help of linear amplifiers. Today, oscilloscopes can now be easier to use because of LED and LCD screens. This tool has become a more convenient instrument for its users because it now has fast converters (from analog to digital). Modern oscilloscopes can now be used with digital signal processors (Scherz, 2000, p. 441). Basically, what one will see through an oscilloscope is a level of a signal. This signal depends on the changes in time. Voltmeters can do the same. Steady levels are measured with the use of a voltmeter. Steady levels include the use of checking the batteries of a flashlight, or test tones. However, when it comes to measuring the instantaneous value of a signal, then a voltmeter cannot do that. A voltmeter is also not capable of identifying a sine or a square wave, which an oscilloscope can do (Scherz, 2000, p. 441). An electron beam is an important component of an oscilloscope because this is what the tool makes use of to make dots of light just when the phosphor coating, which can be seen inside a CRT or a cathode ray tube, is struck by the beam. What happens to the beam is that is gets swept from one side of the screen to another in a very rapid manner. The speed is enough to see clearly the input waveform's variations (Scherz, 2000, p. 441). Aside from the CRT, it can be seen that all oscilloscopes have amplifiers, both horizontal and vertical. Connected to the horizontal amplifier is a frequency sawtooth oscillator. The oscillator is present to make recurrent sweep which is the one responsible in tracking down the input signal. Because the CRT creates just one dot to represent light, the tool works only when the dot is constantly sent across the screen from left to right, specifically, to make it appear that a line exists, and not just a single dot of light. Individuals can now observe what the oscilloscope displays. The signal which a user can see is applied to the input of the oscilloscope's vertical amplifier. Because of this, the single dot of light is shifted down, and shifted up (Gibilisco, 2002, p. 59). The horizontal sweep is a very important part of the tool because if not for this, the single dot will be seen as just a single dot in the middle of the monitor. Signal is applied only into the vertical input. An oscilloscope works when both the signal voltages of the horizontal and the vertical inputs are used, because only in this way can the level of vertical deflection is identified. It is also only in this way can the frequency be seen, represented through a horizontal figure. Reading straight from the lines is possible because of this. The calibrated lines are referred to as graticule, which can be seen on the face of the cathode ray tube (Gibilisco, 2002, p. 59). With the help of an oscilloscope, many activities in science and the arts are made possible. Music visualization, for example, becomes possible because the oscilloscope displays what humans can only hear. Today, music is not just heard, but seen, too, through an oscilloscope (Gibilisco, 2002, p. 59). An oscilloscope m ay also be used to show different characteristics of music, such as polymeter. A polymeter occurs when two metric patterns work against each other (Beck & Reiser, 1998, p. 308). It happens when more than one meter is used simultaneously in an ensemble composition. In a polymeter, each functioning element of the texture, such as an instrument or a group, shows a unique rhythmic pattern contained in its own metrical frame, seemingly without apparent regard for an overarching coordinating mechanism. A type of metric polyphony or metric dissonance is created when constituent meters fail to merge with each other to create a larger meter, but merely continues in the background. Therefore, in a philosophical point of view, polymeter is similar to coexistence, not really cooperation (Agawu, 2003, p. 79). A polymeter may occur, for example, when at least four meters are simultaneously unfolding. In an ensemble, imagine a drummer playing his instrument in 5/8. Another person in the ensemble, playing bells and rattles for instance, plays in 6/8. The guy next to him with hand claps is playing in 3/8. Add to that another member who's playing the guitar in 12/8 or 6/8, and finally, the singer who sings in 6/8 or 3/4. This kind of musical ensemble exhibits a polymeter, and an oscilloscope may show the distinct patterns (Agawu, 2003, p. 79). Many people are confused between a polymeter and a polyrhythm. To more clearly define polymeter, let us compare it to polyrhythm. Some people tend to interchange these two terms, but a lot of music and sound experts differentiate between the two of them. Some experts understand polyrhythm as the simultaneous use of multiple rhythms that contrast with each other in a musical texture. Polyrhythm is present in many types of music, for instance, in African music, which is well documented by Locke, Ballantine, Jones, and Arom. There are some experts who are not comfortable with the term polyrhythm but the phenomenon it describes is recognized by all of them (Agawu, 2003, p. 79-80). Unlike in polymeter, music in polyrhythm may use different instruments, but all their patterns are coordinated by a single overarching regulative beat or tactus in a meter. For example, in an ensemble, although the music itself is persistently off beat, the drummer is not doing his own thing separate from the activities of the other members (Agawu, 2003, p.80). Many types of African music, like kaganu, exhibit polyrhythm. It is also heard in many types of European music. Passages from the work of Brahms, Beethoven, and Haydn all contain polyrhythm. Repertoires from the twentieth century, including jazz and work by Elliot Carter and Stravinsky also account for the existence of polyrhythm in Europe (Agawu, 2003, p.81). When metric patterns are simultaneously mixed together to form different metric patterns in different time signatures, mixed polymeter is created. This is possible when more than one time signature happens simultaneously in different areas, with neither being dominant no r changing the time signature once it begins. Such an occurrence may be categorized as a matter of alignment. Since a base time signature is nonexistent, each area maintains its own metric characteristics and has its own time signature. Even in this setup though, one element holds all the areas or parts together. Usually, the 8th note is the one that performs this role (Beck & Reiser, 1998, p. 308). Musicians are not the only ones who are interested in the phenomena of polymeter and polyrhythm. Psychologists who study various stimuli that a person receives from the environment are also very interested in the true nature of polymeter and its perception by human beings. In fact, the production and perception of polyrhythm has been receiving a lot of attention from researchers for a long time (London, 2004, p.49). Researchers have found different ways to study the perception of polyrhythms by humans. One strategy involves asking subjects to attend to a single stream of polyrhythm or polymemter to test their attentional focus. One research of this kind showed that when a person is confronted with complex polyrhythmic stimuli, he tends to use two different metric strategies. He will either get a composite pattern of all rhythmic streams he receives, and then fit it into an appropriate metric framework, or he will focus instead on a single rhythmic stream, fit it into its correspondin g meter, and then treat other rhythmic streams as simply noise (London, 2004, p.50). More scientific research needs to be done on the true nature of polymeter. Musicians, sound engineers, psychologists, and everyone who's interested in the effect of sounds to human beings will definitely benefit a lot from the findings of such research. Knowledge from such research can be used to invent new useful devices. Oscilloscopes also have to be further developed to aid in this type of research. The device has many potentials, and we may see it being used to more applications in the future. References Agawu, V.K. (2003). Representing African music: postcolonial notes, queries, positions. New York: Routledge. Beck, J., & Reiser, J.C. (1998). Moving notation: a handbook of musical rhythm and elementary labanotation for the dancer. Oxford: Taylor & Francis. Gibilisco, S. (2002). Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. London, J. (2004). Hearing in time: psychological aspects of musical meter. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Scherz, P. (2000). Practical Electronics for Inventors. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. Tomal, D., & Widmer, N. (1993). Electronic Troubleshooting. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.